شاخص فساد مالی در ایران،رویکرد نظریه محرومیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد بخش عمومی، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه تهران، پردیس بین المللی کیش، کیش، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 اقتصاددان ارشد، مرکز اقتصاد سلامت کانادا، دانشگاه تورنتو، تورنتو، کانادا

چکیده

سال‌هاست که فساداقتصادی به‌طور گسترده از دیدگاه اقتصاد سیاسی موردمطالعه قرارگرفته و پژوهشگران بسیاری متغیرها و عوامل تعیین‌کنندۀ فساد را شناسایی نموده‌اند؛ با این‌حال، به سختی می‌توان شاخص جامعی از فساد مالی را مشاهد نمود که تصویر کاملاً دقیقی از تأثیرات فساد بر نظام‌های سیاسی و اقتصادی ارائه نماید؛ چراکه فساد مالی متغیری پنهان و مکتوم است که بسادگی نمی‌توان آن را مشاهده و اندازه‌گیری کرد. مطالعات فساد عموماً با مشکلات مفهومی و اندازه‌گیری مواجه است و اکثر محققان از موارد محدود و یا برخی از جنبه‌های فساد را برای معرفی فساد بهره برده‌اند. بر این‌اساس برخی از شاخص‌های معرفی‌شده هم‌چون شاخص ادراک فساد (CPI) و شاخص کنترل فساد (CCI) به‌جای سنجش واقعی فساد، ادراک و احساس کارشناسان و مدیران تجاری از فساد را اندازه‌گیری نموده‌اند. علاوه‌بر این، هیچ‌یک از این شاخص‌ها به‌ویژه CPI برای تحقیقات تجربی تأثیر فساد بر متغیرهای اقتصادی کافی به‌نظر نمی‌رسد و برای رفع این کاستی‌ها، لازم است شاخص مناسبی برای سنجش فساد ارائه گردد. در این پژوهش، با تکیه‌بر «نظریۀ محرومیت»، یک شاخص جامع جدید فساد مالی (FCI)  معرفی می‌شود که کمبود یک کشور را در هر یک از ابعاد اقتصادی ازجمله مخارج دولت، سرمایه‌گذاری، درآمد و آزادی اقتصادی اندازه‌گیری می‌کند. به‌کارگیری این چهار بُعد، همراه با رویکرد شاخص ترکیبی به فساد، ایجاد یک چارچوب جدید برای درک فساد مالی را امکان‌پذیر می‌کند. نتایج محاسبۀ این شاخص طی دورۀ زمانی 2007 تا 2017م. و برای 126 کشور منتخب نشان‌داد نمرۀ ایران در شاخص فساد از  0.475 در سال 2007 به 0.535 در سال 2017م. افزایش‌یافته است که به‌معنای بهبود رتبۀ ایران از 87 به 82 در فاصلۀ این سال‌ها بوده است. مقایسۀ نمرات و رتبۀ ایران در شاخص ادراک فساد (CPI) با شاخص فساد مالی محاسبه شده این پژوهش (FCI)، حاکی از هم‌پوشانی این دو شاخص است. 
کلیدواژگان: شاخص فساد مالی، شاخص مرکب، تحلیل چندمتغیره، تئوری محرومیت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of Financial Corruption Index (FCI) in Iran Through Deprivation Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maboud Mohammadi 1
  • Ghahreman Abdoli 2
  • Ezatollah Abbasian 3
  • Mehdee Araee 4
1 PhD Student in Public sector Economics, Department of Economics, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus, Kish, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Senior Economist, Canadian centre for Health Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
چکیده [English]

For many years, the economics of corruption has been widely used from political perspective. Scholars identified many variables and determinants of corruption; yet, one could hardly find a comprehensive index of financial corruption that provides a more precise picture of its impacts on the political and economic system. Financial corruption is a hidden variable that cannot be properly observed and measured. Corruption studies face with the conceptual and measurement issues. Most researchers, applied either limited items or some aspects of corruption to represent the entire of concept. Some indicators such as Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), Corruption Control Index (CCI), etc. are based on expert’s and business executive’s understanding of corruption, instead of actual objective measurement of the phenomenon. Additionally, none of these indicators especially CPI, are adequate for the empirical research of the impact’s corruption on economic variables. To address these shortcomings, it is necessary to create a proper indicator designed to measure corruption. In this paper, we established a new comprehensive Financial Corruption Index (FCI) that has been framed based on “Deprivation Theory”, which measures the shortfall of the nation in each of economic dimensions including government expenditures, investment, income and economic freedom. Applying these four dimensions, in conjunction with a composite index approach to corruption, makes it feasible to create a novel framework for understanding of financial corruption.  The results show during 2007 and 2017, Iran saw its FCI rating increased from 0.475 to 0.535 from 2007 to 2017, which means an improvement in Iran’s rank from 87 in 2007 to 82 in 2017 among 126 countries. The CPI scores for Iran confirms that our results in FCI are valid and accurate. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financial Corruption Index (FCI)
  • Composite Index
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Deprivation Theory

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فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران
دوره 13، شماره 49
اردیبهشت 1403
صفحه 155-179

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