تجزیۀ شکاف مخارج برق خانوارها با استفاده از مدل‌های تجزیۀ اکساکا-بلیندر و ماچادو-متا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

استفادۀ مؤثر از برق در بخش خانوارها برای افزایش سطح رفاه و تأمین برق موردنیاز صنایع تولیدی به‌عنوان موتور رشد اقتصادی مهم‌ترین هدف کشورها است؛ بنابراین کاهش جزء مصرف برق ناشی از عدم کارایی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است؛ در این‌راستا، پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از شواهد آماری هزینه-درآمد خانوارهای ایران برای دورۀ زمانی 1400-1389 به برآورد سهم مصرف ناکارای برق در تفاوت مصرف برق خانوارها می‌پردازد. نتایج مدل‌ تجزیۀ اکساکا-بلیندر نشان می‌دهد که سهم ناکارایی در ایجاد شکاف سهم مخارج برق خانوارها از مقدار 2/87% در سال 1389 به مقدار 5/76% در سال 1400 کاهش یافته است. تجزیۀ ماچادو-متا نشان می‌دهد که سهم تفاوت در ویژگی اجتماعی اقتصادی خانوارها در چندک‌های بالای مصرف برق بالاتر از چندک‌های پایین است و در سال 1400 نسبت به سال 1389 افزایش یافته است؛ بنابراین نقش الگوی مصرفی خانوارها مهم‌تر از نرخ دسترسی به وسایل با انرژی‌بری بالاتر است؛ بنابراین ایجاد سیستم قیمت‌گذاری پله‌ای مهم‌ترین سیاست برای کاهش مصرف برق ناکارا است؛ علاوه‌براین، برآورد رگرسیون چندک نشان می‌دهد که درآمد و بعد خانوار اثر منفی و مالکیت و اندازۀ مسکن و دسترسی به لوازم خانگی اثر مثبت و معناداری را بر سهم مخارج برق خانوارها دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Decomposition of the Gap of Household Electricity Expenditure Using Blinder–Oaxaca and Machado-Mata Decomposition Models

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Tighi 1
  • Shahram Fattahi 2
  • Ali Falahati 2
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

The efficient use of electricity in the household sector to ensure maximum welfare of households and supply of electricity required by industry as an engine of economic growth is the important goal of countries. Therefore, reducing the inefficiency of energy consumption by households is of high importance. The present study uses statistical evidence of expenditure-income of Iranian households for the period 2010–2021 to estimate the share of energy inefficiency in the households’ energy consumption differences. The results of Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition show that the share of inefficiency in creating a gap in the share of household electricity costs has decreased from 87.2% in 2010 to 76.5% in 2021. The results of Machado-Mata decomposition show that in the upper quantiles of the share of electricity consumption, the share of the difference in the socio-economic characteristics of households is more than that of the lower quantiles and this share has increased in 2021 as compared to 2010. Therefore, the role of household consumption pattern is more than the rate of access to high-energy appliances, so providing a step-by-step pricing system with an exponential rate for electricity consumption is an effective policy to reduce inefficiency in electricity consumption. Furthermore, quantile regression estimation shows that household income and size have a negative effect, and ownership and size of housing and access to household appliances have a positive significant effect on the share of household electricity costs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Decomposition Models
  • Electricity Consumption Inefficiency
  • Quantile Regression

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فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران
دوره 11، شماره 44
انگلیسی
اسفند 1401
صفحه 81-101

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