اثر متغیر‌های کلان اقتصادی بر رشد به نفع فقیر در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

چکیده

کاهش فقر از مهم‌ترین اهداف سیاست‌هایی است که توسط دولت‌ها دنبال می‌شود. ضمن آنکه رشد اقتصادی و اعتقاد جدی به رشد همراه با عدالت نیز همواره موردتوجه سیاست‌گذاران بوده است. در این راستا، مفهوم رشدبه‌نفع‌ فقیر، بر ارتباط متقابل بین سه عنصر رشد، فقر و نابرابری تمرکز می‌کند. از طرف دیگر، رشدبه‌نفع فقیر از عوامل متعددی از جمله متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی تأثیر می‌پذیرد. هدف این مقاله، بررسی اثر متغیرهای کلان اقتصادی بر رشدبه‌نفع فقیر طی دوره 1394-1361 است. بدین منظور پس از محاسبه شاخص رشدبه‌نفع فقیر، با استفاده از داده‌های سری زمانی متغیرهای نقدینگی، بدهی خارجی، مخارج مصرفی و عمرانی دولت، پرداخت‌های انتقالی، درآمد نفت، بازبودن اقتصادی و به‌کارگیری روش خود رگرسیونی با وقفه‌های توزیعی به تخمین رابطه موردنظر پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای موردبررسی به استثنای پرداخت‌های انتقالی و بازبودن اقتصاد اثر منفی بر رشد‌به‌نفع فقیر دارند. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، با افزایش آنها، سهم فقرا از رشد اقتصادی کمتر از اغنیا خواهد بود. لذا پیشنهاد می‌شود دولت با بهبود زیرساخت‌ها و افزایش مخارج اجتماعی در زمینه آموزش و بهداشت، همچنین هدایت نقدینگی به‌سمت فعالیت‌های مولد و اشتغال‌زا و اختصاص درآمدهای نفتی به بهبود عوامل زیربنایی، مسیر رشد اقتصاد را به‌گونه‌ای تغییر دهد که هدف کاهش فقر و نابرابری محقق گردد. همچنین با وجود اثر مثبت پرداخت‌های انتقالی و بازبودن اقتصاد بر رشد‌به‌نفع فقیر، پیشنهاد می‌شود با شناسایی دقیق افراد فقیر و هدفمندسازی یارانه‌ها و همچنین برداشتن موانع تجارت آزاد و عضویت در سازمان تجارت جهانی به همراه ایجاد زیرساخت‌ها و نهادهای متناسب، بر اثرگذاری سیاست‌های فوق افزوده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Pro Poor Growth in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mona Tasan 1
  • Khosrow Piraee 2
  • Masoud Nonejad 2
  • Abbas Abdoshahi 3
1 PhD Student in Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
چکیده [English]

Poverty reduction is one of the main goals of policies pursued by governments. At the same time, economic growth and a strong belief in growth along with justice have always been of interest to policymakers. In this regard, the concept of pro poor growth focuses on the interaction between three elements: growth, poverty and inequality. On the other hand, pro poor growth is affected by several factors including macroeconomic variables. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, transfers, liquidity, openness, oil revenue and external debt on pro poor growth during the period of 1982-2015. For this aim, first, we calculate pro poor growth index and then by using the time series data of desired macroeconomic variables and by ARDL model we estimate that relationship. The results show that all macroeconomic variables, except transfers and openness, have a negative and significant effect. In other words, by increasing liquidity, external debt, oil revenues and government expenditure, the share of poor people from economic growth will be less than the rich. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should change the path of economic growth by improving infrastructure and increasing social spending in the field of education and health, as well as directing liquidity towards productive and employment activities and allocating oil revenues to improve the infrastructures so the benefits of the poor will be more than the rich from economic growth, and the goal of reducing poverty and inequality would be achieved. Also, in spite of the positive effect of transfers and the openness of the economy on pro poor growth, it is suggested that the accurate identification of poor people and the targeting of subsidies, as well as the removal of barriers of free trade and membership of the WTO, along with the establishment of appropriate infrastructures and institutions, will increase the effectiveness of these macroeconomic variables.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pro Poor Growth
  • External Debt
  • Liquidity
  • Government Expenditure
  • Transfers
  • Oil Revenue
  • Trade openness
  • ARDL Method

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فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران
دوره 9، شماره 33
فروردین 1399
صفحه 227-251

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