واکاوی اثرات محیط نهادی درون بنگاه‌ها بر توسعه خوشه‌های صنعتی مورد پژوهی: خوشه‌های صنعتی سنگ منطقه کلان‌شهری اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان

چکیده

هدف این مقاله، واکاوی اثرات محیط نهادی درون بنگاه­ها بر توسعه خوشه­های صنعتی سنگ منطقه کلان‌شهری اصفهان (شامل چهار خوشه محمودآباد، نجف­آباد، دولت­آباد و خمینی­شهر) است تا میزان این اثرات از بعد شدت و مطلوبیت مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گیرد. در این راستا، از روش کتابخانه­ای و میدانی (ابزار پرسشنامه­ای) برای جمع‌آوری داده­ها و از فن تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبه دوم و تکنیک تبدیل مقیاس خطی برای تحلیل داده­ها بهره گرفته شده است. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده بیانگر آن است که علی­رغم وجود پتانسیل تأثیرگذاری محیط نهادی خوشه­های صنعتی منتخب بر توسعه آن خوشه­ها، محیط نهادی مذکور در زمینه­های مختلف (شامل قوانین و قواعد خاص بنگاه­ها، ویژگی‌های مدیران بنگاه­ها، ویژگی­های کارکنان بنگاه­ها و وضعیت ارتباط مابین کنشگران بنگاه‌ها) دارای تأثیرگذاری بسیار مطلوب نبوده و این تأثیرگذاری در حد متوسط مانده است. علاوه ­براین، در محیط نهادی بنگاه­های خوشه‌های صنعتی سنگ منطقه کلان‌شهری اصفهان، «وضوح چشم‌انداز و هدف بنگاه برای مدیران» نسبت به «وضوح چشم‌انداز و هدف بنگاه برای کارکنان»، «آگاهی کارکنان از فعالیت‌های محوله» نسبت به «دید کارکنان نسبت به فعالیت محوله»، «آگاهی مدیران از فعالیت‌های محوله» نسبت به «دید مدیران نسبت به فعالیت محوله» و «ارتباط مابین مدیران و کارکنان بنگاه‌ها» نسبت به «ارتباط مابین کارکنان»، نقش بیشتری در توسعه خوشه‌های منتخب داشته‌اند؛ لذا بر این اساس می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که محیط نهادی خوشه­های منتخب هنوز به‌ویژه در زمینه کارکنان در سطح جنینی قرار گرفته است و لذا نیازمند اقدامات بهبود بخشی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Enterprises Institutional Environment on Industrial Clusters Development Case Study: Stone Industrial Clusters of Isfahan Metropolitan Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammadhasan sharifzadeghan 1
  • homayoon noraee 2
چکیده [English]

The aim of this paper is to analysis of the enterprises institutional environment impacts on stone industrial clusters development of Isfahan metropolitan region (Mahmmoudabad, Najafabad, Dolatabad, and Khomeinishahr) in order to determine what extent is the impacts of enterprises institutional environment on stone industrial clusters development of Isfahan metropolitan region in term of its intensity and desirability. In this regard, the literature about “industrial clusters”, “institutional environment” and “the role of institutional environment on industrial clusters” were reviewed and a multi stage sampling method (stratified random sampling and systematic sampling methods) were used for data collection. Then, second order confirmatory factor analysis (as one of the structural equation modeling techniques) and linear scaling transformation technique were used for data anlysis. The results show that despite the potential influence of enterprises institutional environment on stone industrial clusters development of Isfahan metropolitan region, the enterprises institutional environment of selected industrial clusters have not still a very favorable impact in "enterprises regulations status", "enterprises worker’s characteristics", "enterprises manager’s characteristics" and "relationship between workers and managers status" and the impact remains in moderate level. In addition, "vision and goal clarification for managers", "awarenaess of workers about their work", "awarenaess of managers about their work" and "the relationships between managers and workers" have more role than "vision and goal clarification for workers", "workers satisfaction about their work", "managers satisfaction about their work", and "workers relationships" on the industrial clusters development within enterprises institutional environment respectively. Thus, it can be said that the institutional environment of selected industrial clusters is still at the primary level especially in workers status and need improving actions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Industrial Clusters
  • Institutional environment
  • Stone Industry
  • Isfahan Metropolitan Region

مراجع

زبردست، اسفندیار (1378). جزوه درسی آمار و روش‌های کمی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشکده شهرسازی.
صدیقی، محمدیوسف (1389). توسعه خوشه صنعتی سنگهای ساختمانی اصفهان: گزارش نهایی پروژه. وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت، سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرک‌های صنعتی ایران، شرکت شهرک‌های صنعتی استان اصفهان.
مهندسین مشاور نقش‌جهان- پارس (1389)؛ طرح مجموعه شهری اصفهان، جلد اول: معرفی و تعیین جایگاه مجموعه شهری (ویرایش دوم). سازمان مسکن و شهرسازی استان اصفهان.
قاسمی، وحید (1389). مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری در پژوهش­های اجتماعی با کاربرد AMOS Graphic، تهران: انتشارات جامعه شناسان.
کلانتری، خلیل (1388). مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری در تحقیقات اجتماعی- اقتصادی (با برنامه LISREL و SIMPLIS)، تهران: انتشارات فرهنگ صبا.
مومنی، فرشاد و علیزاده، پریسا (1392). تحلیل موانع نتیجه بخشی سیاست گذاری نوآوری در ایران از منظر نهادی. فصل نامه علمی پژوهشی مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی در ایران. دوره 2، شماره 8، 73-89.
African Development Bank Group. (2013). Questionnaire for the 2013 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) ORMU.
Aidis, R. (2005). Institutional Barriers to Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Operations in Transition Countries, Small Business Economics, 25: 305-318.
Amin, A. (2003). Chapter 10: Industrial Distrits. In E. Sheppard and T. J. Barnes. (eds). A companion to economic geography. Blackwell Companions to Geography.
Andersen, B. (2006). Intellectual Property Rights: Innovation, Governance and the Institutional Environment. Edward Elgar Pub.
Becattini, G. (1990). The Marshallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion, In Pyke, F. et.al. (1990) (eds.), Industrial districts and inter-firm cooperation in Italy, International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva, 37-51.
Bjorn T. Asheim, Helen Lawton Smith & Christine Oughton (2011). Regional Innovation Systems: Theory, Empirics and Policy, Regional Studies, Vol. 45: 7, 875-891.
Bresnahan, T.; Gambardell, A. and Saxenian, A. (2001). Old economy’ inputs for ‘New economy’ outcomes: cluster formation in the New Silicon Valleys, Industrial and Corporate Change 10: 835-860.
Booysen, F. (2002). An overview and evaluation of composite indices of development. Social Indicators Research, No. 59: 115-151.
Browne, M. W. and Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Chittithaworn, C.; Islam, M. A. and Keawchana, T. (2011). Factors Affecting Business Success of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Asian Social Science, Vol. 7, No. 5: 180-190.
Commission of the European Communities (2008). The Concept of Clusters and Cluster Policies and their Role for Competitiveness and Innovation: Main Statistical Results and Lessons Learned. Commission Staff Working Paper Number SEC (2008) 2637. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.
Cooke, P.; Gomez Uranga, M. and Etxebarria, G. (1997). Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organisational dimensions. Research Policy, Vol. 26 (4-5): 475-491.
Cooke, P. and Morgan, K. (1993). The network paradigm: new departures in regional development. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Vol. 11, 543-564.
Cruz, S. C. S. and Teixeira, A. A. C. (2010). The Evolution of the Cluster Literature: Shedding Light on the Regional Studies–Regional Science Debate. Regional Studies, Vol. 44.9: 1263-1288.
Diez, J. R. (2002). Metropolitan innovation systems: A comparison between Barcelona, Stockholm, and Vienna. International Regional Science Review, Vol. 25(1): 63-85.
Doloreux, D. and Parto, S. (2005). Regional innovation systems: Current discourse and unresolved issues. Technology in Society, Vol. 27(2): 133-153.
Dosi, G. (1999). Some notes on national systems of innovation and production and their implications for economic analysis. Innovation policy in a global economy, D. Archibugi, J. Howells, and J. Michie, eds., CUP, Cambridge, 35-48.
Estrin, S.; Aidis, R. and Mickiewicz, T. (2007). Institutions and Entrepreneurship Development in Russia: A Comparative Perspective. Centre for Economic. Development & Institutions Brunel University.
Frenz, M. and Oughton, C. (2005). Innovation in the UK Regions and Devolved Administrations: A Review of the Literature. Report to the Department of Trade and Industry.
Freel, M. S. (2003). Sectoral patterns of small firm innovation, networking and proximity. Research Policy, Vol. 32(5): 751-770.
Ghosh, B. C. and Kwan, W. (2012). An Analysis of Key Success Factors of SMEs: A Comparative Study of Singapore/ Malaysia and Australia/New Zealand. Working paper. Nanyang Technological University. 1-24.
Greif, A. (2006). Institutions and the Path to Modern Economy. Lessons from Medieval Trade, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hodgson, G. (2003). The hidden persuaders: institutions and individuals in economic theory, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 27(2), March: 159-175.
Hodgson, G. M. (2006). What are institutions?. Journal of economic issues, Vol, XL, No, 1: 1-25.
Hussey, D. M. & Eagan, P. D. (2007). Using structural equation modeling to test environmental performance in small and medium-sized manufacturers: can SEM help SMEs? Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 15, 303-312.
Internazionale Marmi E Macchine Carrara S. P. A. (2014). Stone Sector 2014: Annual Report and Prospects for the International Stone Trade. Italian Trade Agency.
Ismalina, P. (2010). An Integrated Analysis of Socioeconomic Structures and Actors in Indonesian Industrial Clusters. University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jesselyn Co, M. (2004). The Formal Institutional Framework of Entrepreneurship in the Philippines: Lessons for Developing Countries. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 13: 185-203.
Johnson, R. B. and Christensen, L. (2014). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (Methodology in the Social Sciences). 3rd edition, Guilford Press.
Lekhanya, L. M. (2015). Key internal factors affecting the small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) marketing strategies in rural South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management, Volume 13, Issue 2, 410-417.
MacCallum, R. C.; Browne, M. W. & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2): 130-149.
Maskell, P. (2001). Towards a knowledge-based theory of the geographical cluster, Industrial and Corporate Change 10, 919-941.
Martin, R. (2003). Chapter 6: Institutional Approaches in Economic Geography. pp. 77–94. In. Sheppard, E. and Barnes, T. J. (eds.). A Companion to Economic Geography. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Narain, S. (2003). Institutional Capacity-Building for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Promotion and Development. Investment Promotion and Enterprise Development Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific.
Ngendabanka, S. B. (‎2010). Factors Affecting Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: A Case Study of Food Processors in Coast Region. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration of The Open University of Tanzania.
Noreen, U. and Junaid, D. (2015). Internal Factors Influencing the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises: Evidence from Pakistan. MAGNT Research Report, Vol.3 (8). 118-123.
North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
North D. C. and Thomas, R. P. (1973). The Rise of Western World. Cambridge University Press.
Oakey, R.; Kipling, M. and Wildgust, S. (2001). Clustering among firms in the non-broadcast visual communications (NBVC) sector, Regional Studies 35, 401–414.
Porter, M. (1998); Clusters and the new economics of competition, Harvard Business Review 11, 77-98.
Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2013). Do Institutions Matter for Regional Development?. Regional Studies, Vol. 47, Issue 7, 1034-1047.
Sideridis, G., Simos, P., Papanicolaou, A., & Fletcher, J. (2014). Using Structural Equation Modeling to Assess Functional Connectivity in the Brain Power and Sample Size Considerations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 74, No. 5, 733-758.
Soini, E. and Veseli, L. (2011). Factors affecting the development of SMEs in kosovo. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Turku University of Applied Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor in International Business Management.
Williamson, O. E. (2000). The New Institutional Economics: Taking Stock, Looking Ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 38, No. 3: 595-613.
World Bank Institute Capacity Development and Results Practice (2011). Institutional Capacities and Their Contributing: Characteristics for Institutional Diagnostics, Program Design and Results Management. World Bank Institute.
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار