تأثیر تعاملی حقوق مالکیت و تحقیق‌و توسعه بر بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).

2 کارشناسی ارشد علوم اقتصادی، گروه اقتصاد دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.

10.22084/aes.2025.31417.3819

چکیده

بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید به‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های کلیدی رشد اقتصادی بلندمدت و نشان‌دهندۀ کارایی استفاده از نهاده‌های تولید در فرآیند تولید است. بهبود بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید نه‌تنها منجر به رشد اقتصادی پایدار می‌گردد، بلکه نقش بسیار تعیین‌کننده‌ای در افزایش قدرت رقابت‌پذیری بین‌المللی ایفا می‌کند؛ بدین‌ترتیب، ارتقاء بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید به‌عنوان موتور محرکۀ رشد اقتصادی پایدار، همواره یکی از دغدغه‌های اصلی سیاست‌گذاران و پژوهشگران اقتصادی بوده است. این پژوهش با تمرکز بر نقش انباشت تحقیق‌وتوسعۀ داخلی، سرریز فناوری ازطریق تحقیق‌وتوسعه شرکای تجاری، سرمایۀ انسانی، حقوق مالکیت و آزادی اقتصادی، درپی تبیین سازوکارهای مؤثر بر بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید کشورهای منتخب درحال توسعه در بازۀ زمانی 2022-2011م. است. براساس یافته‌های تحقیق، متغیرهای انباشت تحقیق‌وتوسعۀ داخلی تأثیر مثبت و بی‌معنا و سرریز تحقیق‌وتوسعۀ خارجی، حقوق مالکیت و آزادی اقتصادی اثر مثبت و معناداری بر بهره‌وری عوامل تولید داشته‌اند؛ هم‌چنین اثر تعاملی حقوق مالکیت و تحقیق‌ و توسعۀ داخلی بر بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید نیز مثبت و معنادار بوده است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Interactive Effect of Property Rights and Research & Development on Total Factor Productivity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Shahabadi 1
  • Maede Torkamani 2
1 Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author).
2 M.A in Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Science and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Total factor productivity (TFP) is a pivotal determinant of sustained economic growth, serving as a measure of how efficiently inputs are transformed into output. Elevating TFP is not just a technical goal but a strategic necessity for nations aiming to achieve enduring prosperity and bolster their global competitiveness. This study analyzes the influence of key factors—including domestic R&D accumulation, R&D spillovers via imports, human capital, property rights, and economic freedom—on TFP in selected developing countries between 2011 to 2022. The findings indicate that while domestic R&D accumulation alone yields a positive but statistically insignificant effect on TFP, other variables such as R&D spillovers, property rights, and economic freedom have significant and positive impacts. Importantly, the interplay between strong property rights and domestic R&D acts as a potent driver of productivity gains. These insights suggest that policymakers should not only support innovation and research efforts but also cultivate institutional environments that protect property rights and promote economic liberalization. Such a holistic approach is essential for maximizing productivity, fostering sustainable development, and enhancing a nation’s position on the world stage. By understanding and leveraging these mechanisms, developing countries can unlock greater economic potential and chart a path toward long-term growth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Property Rights
  • Economic Freedom
  • R & D
  • R & D Spillovers
  • Human Capital

مراجع

- Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. & Robinson, J. A., (2006). “Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth”. In: Handbook of Economic Growth, 1A: 385-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3
- Adnan, Z., Chowdhury, M. & Mallik, G., (2019). Foreign direct investment and total factor productivity in South Asia. Theoretical & Applied Economics, 2(2): 105-210. https://ideas.repec.org/a/agr/journl/vxxviy2019i2(619)p105-120.html
- Adnan, Z., Chowdhury, M. & Mallik, G., (2020). “Determinants of total factor productivity in Pakistan: a time series analysis using ARDL approach”. International Review of Applied Economics, 34(6): 807-820. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2020.1792420
- Akcigit, U. & Ates, S. T., (2021). “Ten Facts on declining business dynamism and lessons from endogenous growth theory”. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 13(1): 257–298. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180449
- Al-Shammaria, N. & Al Rakhisb, M., (2019). “Determinants of total factor productivity across MENA region”. Proceeding: International Conference on Business, Management, technology and education. dimensions-affecting-companys-performance-a-systematic-review-of-4-databases.pdf
- Arif-Ur-Rahman, M. & Inaba, K., (2020). “Financial integration and total factor productivity: in consideration of different capital controls and foreign direct investment”. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00201-9
- Bakhshali, S., Peykarjoo, K., Hejbarkiani, K. & Memarnejad, A., (2021). “The convergence of total factor productivity in the World: The role of technology diffusion and institutions”. Geography (Regional Planning), 11(45): 794-805. https://doi.org/10.22034/jgeoq.2022.291805.3148 (in persian)
- Belitz, H. & Mölders, F., (2013). International knowledge spillovers through high-tech imports and R&D of foreign-owned firms. Social Science Research Network, https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2239666
- Bjørnskov, Ch. & Foss, N. J., (2010). Do economic freedom and entrepreneurship impact total factor productivity. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1683965
- Borović, Z., Gligorić, D. & Trivić, J., (2020). “Impact of economic freedom on total factor productivity in former socialist countries”. Economic Analysis, 53(2): 95-108.
- Chang, J., Lan, Q., Tang, W., Chen, H., Liu, J. & Duan, Y., (2023). “Research on the impact of digital economy on manufacturing total factor productivity”. Sustainability, 15(7): 56-83. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075683
- Coe, D. T., Helpman, E. & Hoffmaister, A. W., (2009). “International R&D spillovers and institutions”. European Economic Review, 53(7): 723-741.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.02.005
- Degu, A. A. & Bekele, D. T., (2019). “Macroeconomic determinants of total factor productivity and its trend in Ethiopia”. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 8(6): 219-228. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i6.553
- Eita, J. H. & Pedro, M. J., (2021). “Modelling total factor productivity in a developing economy”. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Oeconomica, 66(1): https://doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2021-0005
- Erdem, E. & Tugcu, C., (2012). “New evidence on the relationship between economic freedom and growth: A panel cointegration analysis for the case of OECD”. Global Economy Journal, 12(3): https://doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1796
- Falvey, R., Foster, N. & Greenaway, D., (2006). “Intellectual property rights and economic growth”. Review of Development Economics, 10(4): 700-719. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2006.00343.x
- Graham, J. R., Harvey, C. R. & Rajgopal, S., (2005). “The economic implications of corporate financial reporting”. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40(1-3): 3-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2005.01.002
- Habib, M., Abbas, J. & Noman, R., (2019). “Is human capital, intellectual property rights, and research and development expenditures really important for total factor productivity? An empirical analysis”. International Journal of Social Economics, 46(6): 756-774. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2018-0472
- Haider, F., Kunst, R. & Wirl, F., (2021). “Total factor productivity, its components and drivers”. Empirica, 48: 283-327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-020-09476-4
- Herzer, D., (2022). “The impact of domestic and foreign R&D on TFP in developing countries”. World Development, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105754
- Huang, J., Cai, X., Huang, S., Tian, S. & Lei, H., (2019). “Technological factors and total factor productivity in China: Evidence based on a panel threshold model”. China Economic Review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.12.001
- Jafari, S., Esfandiari, M. & Pahlavani, M., (2020). “Investigating the role of factors affecting the total factor productivity in Iran with an emphasis on human capital and renewable and non-renewable types of energy”. The Journal of Economic Policy, 12(23): 321-344. https://doi.org/10.22034/epj.2020.12612.2013 (in persian)
- Jafari, S., Esfandiari, M. & Pahlavani, M., (2020). “The role of factors influencing total factor productivity in East and West Asia with emphasis on human capital and oil rents”. Journal of Economic Research and Policies, 28(93): 267-295. http://qjerp.ir/article-1-2555-fa.html (in persian)
- Jaffe, A. B. & Lerner, J., (2011). Innovation and its discontents: How our broken patent system is endangering innovation and progress, and what to do about it. Princeton University Press. https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c0204/c0204.pdf
- Jahangard, E., Mohammadi, T., Salem, A. A. & Esmaeily Sadrabadi, F., (2023). “The effect of intangible investment on the total factor productivity in Iran's industries”. Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics, 20(3): 78-109. https://doi.org/10.22055/jqe.2021.37224.2363 (in persian)
- Kijek, A. & Kijek, T., (2020). “Nonlinear effects of human capital and R&D on TFP: Evidence from European regions”. Sustainability, 12(5): https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051808
- Komijani, A. & Shahabadi, A., (2001). “The effect of foreign (through foreign trade) & domestic R&D activites on the Iranian total factor productivity”. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies, 5(18): 29-68. https://sid.ir/paper/7346/en  (in persian)
- Le, D. V. & Tran, T. Q., (2025). “Central budget allocation regime and total factor productivity in Vietnam: A decomposition approach”. EconomiA, 26(1): 67-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECON-11-2023-0187
- Li, P., Liu, J., Lu, X., Xie, Y. & Wang, Z., (2024). “Digitalization as a factor of production in China and the impact on total factor productivity (TFP)”. Systems, 12(5): 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12050164
- Liu, Y. & Zuo, Y., (2025). “Implementing intelligent manufacturing policies to increase the total factor productivity in manufacturing: Transmission mechanisms through construction of industrial chains”. International Journal of Production Economics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109468
- Malik, M. A., Masood, T. & Sheikh, M. A., (2021). “Econometric analysis of total factor productivity in India”. The Indian Economic Journal, 69(1): 88-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019466220988066
- Markowska-Przybyła, U., (2020). “Does social capital matter for total factor productivity? Exploratory evidence from Poland”. Sustainability, 12(23): https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239978
- Murphy, K. M., Shleifer, A. & Vishny, R. W., (1993). “Why is rent-seeking so costly to growth?”. American Economic Review, 83(2): 409-414. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2117699
- Norozi, F., Nonejad, M., Ebrahimi, M. & Khodaparast Shirazi, J., (2021). “Investigation of productivity growth factors in Iran using artificial neural networks algorithm”. Economic Growth and Development Research, 11(42): 58-35. https://doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2019.48433.5378  (in persian)
- Park, W. G. & Ginarte, J. C., (1997). “Intellectual property rights and economic growth”. Contemporary Economic Policy, 15(3): 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1997.tb00477.x
- Pegkas, P., Staikouras, C. & Tsamadias, C., (2020). “Does domestic and foreign R&D capital affect total factor productivity? Evidence from Eurozone countries”. International Economic Journal, 34(2): 258-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2020.1734645
- Qasemifar, S., Shahabadi, A., Shirinbakhsh, S., Mousavi, M. & Ahmadyan, A., (2023). “Evaluating the effects of systemic stress on total factor productivity with bayesian approach: A case study of Iranian economy”. Economic Growth and Development Research, 13(49): 32-13. https://doi.org/10.30473/egdr.2021.58993.6216 (in persian)
- Shahab, M. R., (2022). “The Study of the relationship between exchange rates and the total factor productivity (TFP) growth: An empirical analysis based on panel data in selected countries”. Journal of Development Economics and Planning, 1(9): 23-47. (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A. & Amiri, M., (2014). “The effect of domestic R&D stock and R&D stock spillovers on total factor productivity growth of agriculture sector in Iran”. Journal of Applied Economics Studies in Iran, 3(9): 93-114. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.23222530.1393.3.9.6.8  (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A., (2003). “An investigation of the determining factors in Iran’s total factor productivity”. The Journal of Economic Studies and Policies, 38: 27-58. https://economic.mofidu.ac.ir/article_47043.html?lang=en (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A. & Mohammadi, A., (2019). “The effect of efficiency enhancers factors on total factor productivity with the emphasis on technological readiness in selected countries”. Journal of International Business Administration, 2(3): 45-62. https://doi.org/10.22034/jiba.2019.9173 (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A. & Sarigol, S., (2017). “Direct and indirect effects of oil on total factor productivity in Iran's economy (Using simultaneous equations system)”. Economic Growth and Development Research, 7(28): 141-164. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.22285954.1396.7.28.9.3 (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A. & Feali, P., (2011). “The effect of financial development on total factor productivity in Iran”. Journal of New Economy & Commerce, 6(23-24): 111-133. https://sid.ir/paper/118612/en  (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A. & Pourmotaghi Almani, S., (2011). “The impact of brain drain on total factor productivity”. Social Welfare, 11(42): 411-444. https://sid.ir/paper/56777/en  (in persian)
- Shahabadi, A. & Rahmani, O., (2011). “The investigation of the effect of research and development on the Iran׳s industrial sector productivity. Roshd-e-Fanavari, 1(25): 1-10. https://talentdevelopment.istd.ir/en/Article/20120/FullText (in persian)
- Shojaei, R., Khalili, F., Emami Meibodi, A. & Nazari, A., (2024). “The effect of energy consumption (oil) on the total factors of productivity in Iran and developing countries”. Iranian Energy Economics. https://doi.org/10.22054/jiee.2024.78466.2072 (in persian)
- Siller, M., Schatzer, T., Walde, J. & Tappeiner, G., (2021). “What drives total factor productivity growth? An examination of spillover effects”. Regional Studies, 55(6): 1129-1139. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1869199
- Spithoven, A. & Merlevede, B., (2023). “The productivity impact of R&D and FDI spillovers: Characterising regional path development”. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 48(2): 560-590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-022-09918-0
- Wang, L., (2023). “Digital transformation and total factor productivity”. Finance Research Letters, 58: 104-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104338
- Zaroki, S., Eisazadeh roshan, Y. & Samadi Kochaksaraee, H., (2024). “Total Factor Productivity and Analysis of the Effect of Government Fiscal Policy Instruments”. Iranian Economic Development Analyses, 10(1): 177-206. https://doi.org/10.22051/ieda.2024.44992.1371 (in persian)
- Zhu, Y. & Sun, M., (2023). “The enabling effect of intellectual property strategy on total factor productivity of enterprises: Evidence from China’s intellectual property model cities”. Sustainability, 15(1): 549. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010549   
- https://ourworldindata.org
- https://databank.worldbank.org
- https://www.trademap.org/
- https://efotw.org
- https:// internationalpropertyrightsindex.org
- https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads
فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران
دوره 14، شماره 55
شماره انگلیسی
آبان 1404
صفحه 153-181

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار