ارزیابی ظرفیت اقتصادی صنعت فوتبال ایران: تحلیل شکاف عملکرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران (نویسندۀ مسئول).

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدۀ علوم اجتماعی و اقتصاد، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.

10.22084/aes.2025.30891.3786

چکیده

در جهان معاصر، ورزش به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان اساسی اقتصاد جهانی شناخته می‌شود و به یکی از صنایع مهم و پررونق تبدیل شده است. در این‌میان، فوتبال به‌دلیل محبوبیت گسترده و برخورداری از حدود ۴ میلیارد هوادار، جایگاه ویژه‌ای در صنعت ورزش به خود اختصاص داده است. فوتبال حرفه‌ای، نه‌تنها میلیون‌ها تماشاگر را در هر فصل جذب می‌کند، بلکه سهم قابل‌توجهی در ایجاد مشاغل و کسب‌وکارهای مرتبط دارد. باشگاه‌های فوتبال حرفه‌ای نیز به‌عنوان بنگاه‌های اقتصادی، به‌طور هم‌زمان در دو حوزۀ عملکرد ورزشی درون زمین و عملکرد مالی برون‌زمین با یک‌دیگر رقابت می‌کنند. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی ظرفیت بهبود عملکرد اقتصادی صنعت فوتبال ایران، از مدل مرزی بهره گرفته است. برای این‌منظور، از تکنیک ناپارامتریک تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها به‌منظور اندازه‌گیری کارایی فنی باشگاه‌های فوتبال ایران استفاده شده است. در این‌راستا، اطلاعات صورت‌های مالی باشگاه‌ها و امتیازات آن‌ها در رقابت‌ها به‌عنوان شاخص‌هایی برای سنجش عملکرد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نمونۀ پژوهش شامل ۴۸ باشگاه از پنج لیگ بزرگ اروپا و لیگ برتر فوتبال ایران است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که ازمیان باشگاه‌های بررسی‌شده، تنها پنج باشگاه شامل دو باشگاه از لالیگای اسپانیا، دو باشگاه از لیگ برتر انگلستان و یک باشگاه از بوندسلیگای آلمان بر روی مرز کارایی فنی قرار دارند. در مقابل، باشگاه‌های فوتبال ایران در مقایسه با پنج لیگ بزرگ اروپا، فاصلۀ چشمگیری با مرز کارآیی فنی دارند و میزان ناکارایی آن‌ها بیش از ۹۰% برآورد شده است و نشان‌دهندۀ ظرفیت رشد 700 % در صنعت فوتبال ایران است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Economic Potential of Iran’s Football Industry: A Performance Gap Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Kordbacheh 1
  • Niloufar Maleki 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author).
2 M.A. Student in Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In today’s global economy, sports, especially football, have become key drivers of economic activity, with an estimated fan base of five billion worldwide. Professional football is no longer just entertainment; it has evolved into a dynamic sector that makes substantial contributions to employment and economic output. Football clubs, as multifaceted economic entities, engage in competition not only on the field but also within a fiercely competitive commercial and financial environment. This study employs the Data Envelopment Analysis method to assess the economic performance and growth potential of Iran’s football industry. By analyzing data from 48 football clubs—including a selected group of international benchmarks and eight clubs from Iran’s Premier League—the research provides a comparative evaluation of technical efficiency across diverse organizational and market contexts. The results highlight a stark contrast between benchmark clubs and Iranian clubs. Only a handful of international clubs are positioned on the efficiency frontier, while Iranian clubs show inefficiency levels exceeding 90%, indicating a significant performance gap. This suggests a latent growth potential of more than 700% in critical areas such as revenue, market value, and global competitiveness. The findings underscore the need for institutional, financial, and managerial reforms to address these inefficiencies and unlock the considerable economic potential of Iran’s football industry. Improving technical efficiency could significantly boost the international standing of Iranian clubs and contribute to the broader development of the country’s sports economy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Football Economy
  • Sports Economy
  • Data Envelopment Analysis
  • Iran’s Football Industry
  • Potential Growth Capacity
  • Inefficiency
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