تأثیر سیاست‌های پولی و مالی بر ردپای بوم‌شناختی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم اقتصادی، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.

چکیده

تخریب محیط‌زیست امروزه ازجمله مهم‌ترین عوامل تهدیدکنندۀ امنیت انسان‌ها به‌خصوص در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه است. ردپای بوم‌شناختی، جدیدترین شاخصی است که مقدار تأثیر و دخالت انسان‌ها در مسأله تغییرات آب‌وهوایی و هم‌چنین اثرگذاری منفی آن‌ها بر محیط‌زیست را موردسنجش قرار می‌دهد. سیاست‌های اقتصادی که دولت‌ها اتخاذ می‌کنند، در روند ردپای بوم‌شناختی تأثیر به‌سزایی دارد. سیاست‌های پولی و مالی، ازجمله مهم‌ترین سیاست‌های اتخاذی هستند که علاوه‌بر تأثیر بر فعالیت‌های تولیدی و اقتصادی جامعه، بر محیط‌زیست نیز اثرگذار هستند؛ ازاین‌رو، هدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر سیاست‌های پولی و مالی بر ردپای بوم‌شناختی در ایران طی بازۀ زمانی 1359 تا 1400 و با استفاده از روش  SVARاست. از حجم نقدینگی، مخارج مصرف نهایی دولت به‌ترتیب به‌عنوان ابزارهای سیاست پولی و مالی و از رشد اقتصادی، شهرنشینی و سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی به‌عنوان متغیرهای کنترلی استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی و شهرنشینی تأثیر منفی و معنی‌دار بر ردپای بوم‌شناختی دارند. هم‌چنین رشد اقتصادی، سیاست پولی، سیاست مالی و خود متغیر وابسته تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌دار بر ردپای بوم‌شناختی دارند و منجر به افزایش ردپای بوم‌شناختی طی دورۀ زمانی مذکور می‌شوند. ازطرفی، تکانه‌های سیاست مالی در بلندمدت به افزایش ردپای بوم‌شناختی در ایران منجر شده است؛ از سوی دیگر، نتایج تجزیۀ واریانس در دورۀ دهم نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌ پولی 70/6% و سیاست مالی 06/24% از تغییرات ردپای بوم‌شناختی را توضیح می‌دهند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on the Ecological Footprint in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zanko Ghorbani 1
  • Zana Mozaffari 2
  • Saman Ghaderi 2
1 M.A. Student in Economics, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the most important challenges of societies in the last few decades is the destructive and repeated human activities to destroy the environment. The ecological footprint is the latest index measuring the extent of individuals’ influence and engagement in addressing the issue of climate change as well as their negative impact on the environment. The economic policies adopted by societies have a significant effect on the process of ecological footprint. Monetary and Fiscal Policies are among the most important policies that, in addition to affecting the productive and economic activities of society, also affect the environment. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of monetary and Fiscal policies on the ecological footprint in Iran during the period from 1980 to 2021 and using the structural vector autoregression method. “Liquidity and the government’s final consumption expenditures have been employed as monetary and fiscal policy tools, while economic growth, urbanization, and foreign direct investment have been utilized as control variables.” The results of this research show that foreign direct investment and urbanization have a negative and significant impact on the ecological footprint. Also, economic growth, monetary policy, Fiscal policy and the dependent variable itself have a positive and significant effect on the ecological footprint and lead to an increase in the ecological footprint during the mentioned time period. On the other hand, fiscal policy impulses in the long term have resulted in a rise in environmental degradation in Iran. The results of variance analysis in the 10th period show that monetary policy explains 6.70% and Fiscal policy 24.06% of changes in the dependent variable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological Footprint
  • Monetary Policy
  • Fiscal Policy
  • SVAR

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فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران
دوره 13، شماره 50
مرداد 1403
صفحه 109-136

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